Camera & Optics
Field of view, depth of field, and hyperfocal distance from real lens physics. Runs in your browser — no server call, no tracking.
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Field of View, From Sensor Geometry
FOV is a function of focal length and sensor size, not focal length alone — the same 50mm lens frames very differently on a full-frame sensor than on a smartphone sensor. That's why "35mm equivalent" focal length exists as a shorthand for comparing lenses across formats.
Hyperfocal Distance
Focus at the hyperfocal distance and everything from half that distance to infinity is acceptably sharp — a technique landscape and architectural photographers use to maximize depth of field without stopping the aperture down to the point of diffraction softness.
Circle of Confusion
The circle of confusion is the largest blur spot the eye still perceives as a sharp point — it depends on sensor size, print size, and viewing distance, which is why depth-of-field calculators need a CoC value as an input rather than a universal constant.
Same Math, On Set or In-Engine
These are the identical optics equations a cinematography DP uses to pull focus on set — and the same ones a 3D camera rig in Blender, Unreal, or Unity uses to simulate a real lens. Understanding one means understanding both.
Reference data
Standards and values to use alongside the tool above.
Common Sensor Sizes
| Sensor | Dimensions | Crop | CoC | Cameras |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Format | 43.8 × 32.9 mm | 0.79× | 0.038 | Fujifilm GFX, Hasselblad X |
| Full Frame | 36 × 24 mm | 1.0× | 0.030 | Canon R5, Sony A7, Nikon Z |
| APS-C (Sony/Nikon) | 23.5 × 15.6 mm | 1.5× | 0.020 | Sony A6700, Nikon Z50, Fuji X-T5 |
| APS-C (Canon) | 22.3 × 14.9 mm | 1.6× | 0.019 | Canon R7, Canon 90D |
| Micro Four Thirds | 17.3 × 13 mm | 2.0× | 0.015 | Panasonic GH6, OM System |
| 1″ Sensor | 13.2 × 8.8 mm | 2.7× | 0.011 | Sony RX100, DJI drones |
| RED Monstro 8K | 40.96 × 21.60 mm | 0.88× | 0.034 | RED DSMC2 |
Focal Length Guide
| Focal | Type | FOV (FF) | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14mm | Ultra-wide | 114° | Architecture, astro, landscape |
| 24mm | Wide | 84° | Street, environmental portrait, vlog |
| 35mm | Wide standard | 63° | Documentary, street, everyday |
| 50mm | Normal | 47° | Portrait, product, closest to human eye |
| 85mm | Short telephoto | 29° | Portraits, headshots, beauty |
| 135mm | Telephoto | 18° | Fashion, compressed background |
| 200mm | Telephoto | 12° | Sports, wildlife, events |
| 400mm | Super telephoto | 6° | Wildlife, aviation |
Lens Types
| Type | Description | Advantages | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prime | Fixed focal length | Sharper, faster aperture, lighter | Portrait, street, low light |
| Zoom | Variable focal length | Versatile, fewer lens changes | Events, travel, video |
| Macro | 1:1+ magnification | Extreme close-up detail | Product, insects, jewelry |
| Tilt-Shift | Adjustable lens plane | Perspective control, selective focus | Architecture, miniature effect |
| Fisheye | 180°+ ultra-wide | Extreme distortion, immersive | Skateboarding, VR, creative |
| Anamorphic | Oval bokeh, lens flares | Cinematic 2.39:1 look | Film, music video, commercial |
Common Lens Filters
| Filter | Effect | Stops | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| UV / Clear | Lens protection | 0 | Always-on protection |
| CPL (Polarizer) | Reduce glare, boost sky | 1–2 | Landscape, water, glass |
| ND8 | Neutral density | 3 | Slow shutter in daylight |
| ND64 | Strong ND | 6 | Long exposure, waterfalls |
| ND1000 | Extreme ND | 10 | Multi-minute exposures |
| Variable ND | Adjustable 2–10 stops | 1–10 | Video, run-and-gun |
| GND (Graduated) | Darken sky half | 2–3 | Landscape, sunset |
| Black Pro-Mist | Halation, soft glow | ~0.5 | Cinematic softness |